Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) \(5{a^2} – 5ax – 7a + 7x\)
b) \({a^3} + {a^2}b – {a^2}c – abc\)
c) \({x^2} – \left( {a + b} \right)x + ab\)
d) \({a^3} + {b^3} + {a^2}c + {b^2}c – abc.\)
a) \(5{a^2} – 5ax – 7a + 7x \)
\(= 5a\left( {a – x} \right) – 7\left( {a – x} \right) \)
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\(= \left( {a – x} \right)\left( {5a – 7} \right).\)
b) \({a^3} + {a^2}b – {a^2}c – abc \)
\(= \left( {{a^3} + {a^2}b} \right) + \left( { – {a^2}c – abc} \right) \)
\(= {a^2}\left( {a + b} \right) – ac\left( {a + b} \right)\)
\( = \left( {a + b} \right)\left( {{a^2} – ac} \right) = a\left( {a + b} \right)\left( {a – c} \right).\)
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c) \({x^2} – \left( {a + b} \right)x + ab \)
\(= {x^2} – ax – bx + ab\)
\( = x\left( {x – a} \right) – b\left( {x – a} \right) = \left( {x – a} \right)\left( {x – b} \right).\)
d) \({a^3} + {b^3} + {a^2}c + {b^2}c – abc\)
\(= \left( {a + b} \right)\left( {{a^2} – ab + {b^2}} \right) + c\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} – ab} \right)\)
\( = \left( {{a^2} – ab + {b^2}} \right)\left( {a + b + c} \right).\)