Bài 1. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) \({x^3} + 2{x^2}y + x{y^2} – 4x\)
b) \(8{a^3} + 4{a^2}b – 2a{b^2} – {b^3}\)
c) \({a^3} – {b^3} + 2b – 2a.\)
Bài 2. Tìm x, biết: \({x^2} + 4x + 3 = 0.\)
Bài 1. a) \({x^3} + 2{x^2}y + x{y^2} – 4x \)
\(= x\left( {{x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} – 4} \right) \)
\(= x\left[ {{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} – 4} \right]\)
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\( = x\left( {x + y + 2} \right)\left( {x + y – 2} \right).\)
b) \(8{a^3} + 4{a^2}b – 2a{b^2} – {b^3} \)
\(= \left( {8{a^3} – {b^3}} \right) + \left( {4{a^2}b – 2a{b^2}} \right)\)
\( = \left( {2a – b} \right)\left( {4{a^2} + 2ab + {b^2}} \right) + 2ab\left( {2a – b} \right)\)
\( = \left( {2a – b} \right)\left( {4{a^2} + 2ab + {b^2} + 2ab} \right)\)
\(= \left( {2a – b} \right){\left( {2a + b} \right)^2}\)
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c) \({a^3} – {b^3} + 2b – 2a \)
\(= \left( {a – b} \right)\left( {{a^2} + ab + {b^2}} \right) – 2\left( {a – b} \right)\)
\( = \left( {a – b} \right)\left( {{a^2} + ab + {b^2} – 2} \right).\)
Bài 2. \({x^2} + 4x + 3 = {x^2} + 3x + x + 3 \)
\(= x\left( {x + 3} \right) + \left( {x + 3} \right)\)
\(= \left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)\)
Vậy \(\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right) = 0\)
\(\Rightarrow x + 3 = 0\) hoặc \(x + 1 = 0\)
\( \Rightarrow x = – 3\) hoặc \(x = – 1.\)