Đề cương ôn tập học kì 1 Tiếng Anh 8 năm 2015

Chia sẻ Đề cương ôn tập học kì 1 Tiếng Anh 8 năm 2015 để chuẩn bị cho thi học kì 1 lớp 8 năm học 2015 – 2016.

REVISION FOR THE FIRST TERM (2015-2016)

Grade 8

A. Tenses

I. PRESENT SIMPLE

• Form:

(+) S + V (bare)/ V -s/es (-)    S + don’t / doesn’t + V (bare) (?)   Do / Does + S + V (bare)?

• Usage:

1. Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý, sự việc mang tính chất khoa học.

    Ex:  Water boils at100 degrees celsius.

The sun sets in the West.

2. Diễn tả một sự việc lặp đi lặp lại, sự việc thường xuyên xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc một thói quen. Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, seldom, at times, now and then, once in a while,…

    Ex: Every day, we do morning exercises.

My mother usually goes to bed late.

3. Nói về thời gian đi, đến của các phương tiện đi lại; giờ làm việc của các cơ quan, công sở….

     Ex: The art exhibition opens on 3 May.

The train leaves Plymouth at 11.30.

II. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

• Form:

(+)   S + am/ is/ are + V-ing. (-)    S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing. (?)   Am/ Is/ Are + S + V-ing?

• Usage:

1. Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra ở hiện tại. Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: now, right now, presently, at present, at the moment, hoặc các động từ Look!, Listen! ở đầu câu.

     Ex: Listen! The girl is playing the piano.

Students are having an English exam at the moment.

2. Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn, ngay tại thời điểm đang nói.

     Ex: Where is your son?- He is playing computer games.

3. Diễn tả một kế hoạch hay sự sắp đặt ở thời điểm trong tương lai.

      Ex: I am picking my friends up at the airport this afternoon.

4. Dùng thì HTTD khi nói về những thay đổi xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian gần với hiện tại.

     Ex: The population of the world is rising very fast.

Is your English getting better?

• Các động từ sau đây thường không được dùng ở thì tiếp diễn: like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realize, suppose, mean, understand, believe, remember, belong, contain, depend, seem.

III. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

• Form:

(+)   S + will + V (bare) (-)    S + will + not + V (bare) (?)   Will + S + V (bare)

• Usage:

1. Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Trong câu thường có: tonight, tomorrow, next…, in 2015…

     Ex: Tonight, I will visit my grandmother.

Next Sunday, we will go to the movie theater.

2. Thường dùng will trong những tình huống sau:

+ Ngỏ ý giúp ai làm gì.

Ex: That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.

+ Đồng ý làm điều gì.

Ex: Thanks for your lending. I’ll give it to you this afternoon.

+ Hứa làm điều gì.

Ex: I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise.

+ Nhờ ai làm điều gì.

Ex: Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate.

       Will you shut the door, please?

IV. THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE

• Form:

(+) S + am / is /are + going + to-infinitive (-)    S + am / is /are + not + going + to-infinitive (?)  Am / Is /Are + S + going + to-infinitive?

• Usage:

Diễn tả một sự việc sắp xảy ra hoặc một ý định làm việc gì trong tương lai.

Ex: Ann is in hospital. I’m going to visit her tomorrow.

Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

• Sự khác biệt giữa will và going to:

+ Dùng will khi quyết định làm điều gì vào thời điểm đang nói. (Người nói trước đây chưa quyết định.)

Ex:  A: Let’s have a party.

B: That’s a great idea. We will invite lots of people.

+ Dùng (be) going to khi đã quyết định làm điều gì đó rồi.

Ex:  Sue and I have decided to have a party. We’re going to invite lots of people.

V. THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

• Form:

(+)   S + V-ed/ V2 (-)    S + didn’t + V (bare) (?)   Did + S + V (bare)?

• Usage:

1. Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và hoàn tất tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Trong câu thường có: yesterday, last…, …ago, in 1985, in the past, the day before, formerly, previous,…

Ex: The weather was nice yesterday.

Did you see the news on television last night?

2. Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ.

Ex: I ate a lot of sweets when I was a child.

3. Diễn tả một chuỗi các hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Ex: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened it.

VI. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• Form:

• Usage:

1. Diễn tả sự việc vừa mới hoàn thành mà thời gian không xác định rõ. (already)

Ex: I have already packed my suitcase.

He has seen that film several times.

2. Diễn tả một sự việc đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà vẫn còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại và có thể tới tương lai. (Khi dùng thì này, luôn luôn có mối liên hệ với hiện tại. Hành động trong quá khứ có một kết quả vào thời điểm hiện tại.)

Trong câu thường có: for, since, ever, never, just, not…yet, recently, lately, so far, up till now, in the last few days, this is the first…, that is the first…, it is the only…, it is the + superlative…

Ex: My brother has lived in London for ten years.

I’ve written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet.

Hello. Have you just arrived?

It’s the first time he has driven a car.

• SINCE + a point of time

Ex: I haven’t seen him since January.

• FOR + a period of time

Ex: We have been here for 3 days.

SINCE		FOR
8 o’clock Monday 12 May April	1977 Christmas lunch time we arrive	2 hours 10 minutes 3 months 6 years	a week a long time ages 5 days

B.

1. Preposition of time:

• at night, at the weekend, at lunchtime, at Christmas, at dawn, at noon, at the age of, at breakfast, at midnight, at Easter, at the moment, at present, at the same time, at the end of
• “on” with dates and days or part of a particular day (on Easter Monday)
• “in” for parts of the day: in the morning, in january (month), in 2003, in spring, in the 21^st century, in two years time
• Note: We do not use AT, IN, ON before EVERY, EACH, ANY, LAST, NEXT, THIS, TOMORROW, YESTERDAY, ONE, SOME

2. Reflexive pronoun:

• myself
• yourself
• himself / herself / itself
• ourselves
• yourselves
• themselves

Ex: I don’t want you to pay for me. I’ll pay for myself.

Hoa had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself very much.

Do you sometimes talk to yourself?

• BY + reflexive pronoun = alone

Ex: I like living by myself.

Do you go on holiday by yourself?

3. Modal:

• MUST: diễn tả ý muốn của người nói, buộc người khác phải làm điều gì đó.

S + must + V (bare)

Ex:  I haven’t phoned Ann for ages. I must phone her tonight.

He must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things he wants to do.

• Must + not = mustn’t (không được)

Ex:  You mustn’t tell anybody what I said.

• HAVE TO/ HAS TO: diễn đạt ý phải làm một việc nào đó vì nhiệm vụ, nghĩa vụ do yếu tố khách quan bên ngoài.

S + have to (has to)  + V (bare)

Ex: My eyesight isn’t very good. I have to wear glasses for reading.

Lan can’t come out with us this evening. She has to work.

• do not have to = don’t have to

does not have to = doesn’t have to

[You don’t have to do something = you don’t need to do it (but you can if you want)]

Ex: You can tell me if you want but you don’t have to tell me.

I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.

• OUGHT TO: diễn tả sự bắt buộc, trách nhiệm, khuyên bảo.

S + ought to  +  V (bare)

Ex:Do you think I ought to apply for this job?

• Ought + not + to : không nên

Ex:  Jack ought not to go to bed so late.

• SHOULD: dùng SHOULD để khuyên bảo hay cho ý kiến.

S + should  +  V (bare)

Ex: You look tired. You should go to bed.

Should we invite Susan to the party? – Yes. I think we should.

• Should + not = shouldn’t : không nên.

Ex: You shouldn’t believe everything you read in the newspapers.

• MAY (offering assistance): dùng để đề nghị giúp đỡ người khác làm việc gì hoặc xin phép làm việc gì.(Part “Speak” – Unit 6)

Ex: May I help you?

May I come in?

• CAN / COULD (asking for favor): dùng để yêu cầu người khác làm điều gì đó cho mình.

(Part “Speak” – Unit 6)

Ex: Can you help me, please?

Could you do me a favor?

verb + ing

4. Gerund:

• After prepositions
• After some experissions: it’s no use, can’t stand, spend time/ hours, to have a good time,…
• After some verbs:like, love, enjoy, hate, dislike, finish, practice, mind, keep, remember, understand, stop, suggest…

Ex:  She left without saying goodbye.

The students are interested in playing outdoor activities.

My friends enjoy traveling. 

5. To-inf:

Verbs: offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, plan, aim, manage, refuse, arrange, learn, fail,

start, begin

Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.

How old were you when you learnt to drive?

• Lưu ý dạng phủ định “not to”

Ex: We decided not to go out because of the weather.

I promised not to be late.

S + used to + verb(inf.)

6. Used to:

Ex: I used to plant flowers in the garden when I lived in the countryside.

• Phủ định: didn’t use to + V (bare)

adj S + V +          + enough + (for +O) + to-inf. adv

7.Enough:

Ex.1:   He is strong. He can lift this box.

→ He is strong enough to lift this box

Ex.2:  The weather isn’t fine. We can’t go camping

→ The weather isn’t fine enough for us to go camping.

8. Reported speech:

• Commands and requests in reported speech. ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu ở lời nói tường thuật)

S + asked / told  + O + (not) + to-infinitive

Ex:  – “Stay in beds for a few days,” the doctor said to me

       → The doctor asked me to stay in bed for a few days.

       –  She said, “Can you open your bag, please?”

       →She told me to open my bag.

       –  I said to my son, “Don’t shout.”

       → I asked my son not to shout.

1)     S + said + (that)+ S +  should  (not) + V (bare) 2)     S +  told + O + that + S  +  should  (not) +  V (bare)

• Advice in reported speech ( Cấu trúc lời khuyên với SHOULD ở lời nói tường thuật) 

Ex: Her mother said, “You should spend much time on Math.”

→ Her mother said she should spend much time on Math.

= Her mothertold her that she should spend much time on Math. 

3)     S + advised + O + (not) + to-infinitive

Ex:  He said to his daughter, “You shouldn’t come home too late.”

→ He advised his daughter not to come home too late.

9. Comparison:

• as…as

S1  + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2

Ex: Tom is as old as Mary.

I run as fast as you.

• not as/so…as

Ex: My house isn’t as/so big as yours.

He doesn’t swim as/so well as his brother.

• like (giống):

Ex: She’s wearing a dress like mine. (like là giới từ)

They are not twins but they are very like. (like là tính từ)

• the same as (tương tự, giống)

+ the same as + noun

Ex: Her dress is the same as mine.

+ the same as + noun + as

Ex: This bag is the same size as mine.

• different from (khác với)

Ex: Her dress is different from mine.

Adjective + ly

• Adverbs of maners:
• Form of adverbs of maners:

• Some words as adjectives or adverbs without adding LY sucg as: better, best, early, hard, high, last, late, monthly, mear, wide, worse.

10. Adverbs of places: outside, inside, there, here, upstairs, downstairs…